Invented by william shockley, john bardeen and walter brattain in 1947, replacing previous vaccuumtube technology won nobel prize for physics in 1956 used for applications such as amplification, switching and digital logic design. Some simple rules for getting transistors to work 1. At first glance, this looks like an insulator but the actual behavior is far more interesting, if we apply external voltages properly n n p collector emitter base moderately doped. Transistors now that we know about diodes, lets put two of them together, as follows. Explanation of density of states, fermi energy, and band occupancy problem set on bonding,density of states, and fermi statistics intrinsic semiconductors, carrier concentration, mobility, temperature dependence problem set on intrinsic semiconductors extrinsic semiconductors.
Introduction to transistors transistors form the basic building blocks of all computer hardware. When you ground emitter, the circuit is called common emitter connection simply because in a real circuit, the ground would be negative terminal of a battery, and so the emitter would be a common connection for both base and collector. Smith department of eecs university of california, berkeley eecs 105 spring 2004, lecture 22 prof. Frequency response of bjt analysis part 1 bipolar junction transistors. In terms of operation, this means that the base voltag.
Transistors peter mathys ecen 1400 transistor families there are two major families of transistors. The transistor i used in this video is a bc557 pnp transistor. In power electronics, where the main objective is the efficient control of power, transistors are invariably operated as switches. Lecture series on electronics for analog signal processing i by prof. Mos transistor qualitative description assume an nchannel receives its name from the type of channel present when current is flowing device with its source and substrate grounded i. Lecture 24 mosfet basics understanding with no math reading. Module 2 lecture 3 biasing the bjt lecture series on basic electronics by dr.
Bipolar junction transistor 1 by basic electronics. Here we share with you the basics of transistor pdf. Ajit pal, computer science and engineering, iit kharagpur. Transistor working video semiconductors khan academy. Dec 19, 2016 the transistor i used in this video is a bc557 pnp transistor. Lecture notes microelectronic devices and circuits. Diode schematic symbol and actual picture of a common 1n914 diode the black stripe in the picture is the cathode. The currents in the base i b, collector i c and emitter i e are related as follows. Module 3 lecture 2 metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor mosfetpart2. Transistor biasing common emitter circuits, fixed bias. Smaller transistors are faster, and fast transistors are the key building block for fast microprocessors, the brains of computers and countless other smart devices.
The video covers following topics structure of silicon atom, doping, n type doping, p type doping, working of diode, working of npn transistor and dual stage amplification. Sensitivity of amplifier parameters to transistor parameters. The fundamentals of classical cmos technology will be discussed and the issue in scaling mosfet. Nptel syllabus circuits for analog system design video course course outline. The load line is drawn by joining the saturation and cut off points. The problem is that almost everyone is trying to teach that a transistor is a semiconductor device. The transistor will be working in the cutoff region at 0. Verilog coding, metal oxide seminconductor field effect transistor mosfet, fabrication process and layout design rules, propagation delays in mos, power disipation in cmos circuits, semiconductor memories. When an electric field is applied, the electrons move in the direction opposite.
Bipolar junction transistors bjt general configuration and definitions the transistor is the main building block element of electronics. Transistor uses, transistor rules, common emitter circuit, small signal amplification, fieldeffect transistors, jfet operating regions. Transistor small signal amplifiers can be considered linear for most application. Capacitively coupled multistage transistor amplifier s bharadwaj reddy august 17, 2016 september 27, 2016 two or more amplifiers can be connected in a cascaded arrangement with the output of one amplifier driving the input of the next. These videos are provided by nptel elearning initiative. V s will initially charge up quickly, but the tail end of the transient is slow.
Review of transistor basis transistor as a switch, transistor as amplifier. Basic coursessem 1 and 2 basic electronics and lab nptel. Diodes and transistors pdf 28p this note covers the following topics. Module 2 lecture 3 biasing the bjt nptel basic electronics. Vlsi design cmos process parameters exam study material for. Conduction in metals metals are filled with electrons. May 29, 2016 an article from gatemitra nptel lectures for gate analog circuits the lectures to be referred to this course are analog circuits by prof. Its one of the transistors that james lewis recommends in his article on the best 4 transistors to keep in your parts kit. The transistors feature structures just 30 nanometers in size and three atomic layers thick. At first glance, this looks like an insulator but the actual behavior is far more interesting, if we apply external voltages properly n n p collector emitter base moderately doped lightly doped, and very thin heavily doped. Parasuraman,department of metallurgy and material science,iit madras. P517617 lec5, p1 diodes and transistors diodes what do we use diodes for. A very small amount of current flow emitter tobase base. Nptel video lectures, iit video lectures online, nptel youtube lectures, free video lectures, nptel.
Jan 22, 2008 40 videos play all nptel basic electronics prof t. Nptel video lectures, iit video lectures online, nptel youtube lectures. In terms of operation, this means that the base voltage vb of an npn transistor must be at least 0. I junction field effect transistor exam study material for. Bipolar junction transistor bjt and field effect transistor fet. Amplifier configurations transistors and transistor.
Autoplay when autoplay is enabled, a suggested video will automatically play next. The resistor on the base of the transistor is a 100 k. Transistor biasing bias is the state of the circuit when there is no signal 1. Electronic materials, devices, and fabrication by prof s. Gunasekaran,department of electronics design and technology, iisc bangalore. Bjts have 3 terminals and come in two varieties, as npn and pnp transistors. Gate preparation, nptel video lecture dvd, electronicsandcommunicationengineeringelectroniccircuits, i, junctionfieldeffecttransistor, rectifiers, filters, dc load line, load line, operating point, bipolar junction transistor, biasing methods for bjt, bjt design stability, bias compensation, thermal stability, biasing, biasing for jfet, junction field effect transistor, biasing. Bjt transistor modeling a model is an equivalent circuit that represents the ac characteristics of the transistor.
But in nanoelectronics the position, energy and momentum of an electron must be described probabilistically. Basic semiconductor physics, diodes, the nonlinear diode model, load line analysis, large signal diode models, offset diode model, transistors, large signal bjt model, load line analysis, small signal model and transistor amplification. Video created by georgia institute of technology for the course introduction to electronics. Bipolar transistors transistors xist3 introduction bipolar transistors have the following characteristics.
Junction transistors bjts there are two types of bjts, the npn and pnp the two junctions are termed the baseemitter junction and the basecollector junction in order for the transistor to operate properly, the two junctions must have the correct dc bias voltages the baseemitter be junction is. Bipolar transistors are a three lead device having an emitter, a collector, and a base lead. It has three leads b, c and e which are equivalent to the leads of a standard individual transistor. Bipolar junction transistors bjt and fieldeffect transistors fet. Nptel, iit, lectures, courses, video, engineering, online. A transistor acts as a good amplifier in this linear region. Chitralekha mahanta, department of electronics and communication engineering. Bipolar junction transistors emitter p n collector base pnp transistor emitter n p base npn transistor bipolar. In bipolar junction transistor bjt, both free electrons and holes conduct electric current whereas in field effect transistor fet either free electrons or holes conduct electric current. Radhakrishna rao, department of electrical engineering,iit madras. The transistors are mainly classified into two types. Gate preparation, nptel video lecture dvd, electronicsandcommunicationengineering, vlsidesign, cmosprocessparameters, nmos transistors, pmos transistors, mos.
In early transistors, electrons can be treated purely as point particles. Electronics nptel online videos, courses iit video. The region that lies between these two is the linear region. Nptel, online courses and certification, learn for free. The current drive of the transistor gatetosource voltage is reduce significantly as v. The circuit schematic symbol of a diode is shown in figure 5. If this load line is drawn only when dc biasing is given to the transistor, but no input signal is. And instead of just telling you what it does, they explain that it consists of ndoped and pdoped materials. Devices and materials video course course outline the objective of this course is to present the state of the art in the areas of semiconductor device physics and materials technology to enable the nanoelectronics.
Learn for free, pay a small fee for exam and get a certificate. Here we will describe the system characteristics of the bjt. Mod03 lec11 h and r parameters and their use in small amplifiers. The transductance curve of a jfet is a graph of output current i d vs input voltage v gs as shown in fig.
Lecture 28 introduction to pmos transistor no notes or recording. Transistor clipping circuitworking,circuit diagram,waveforms. The bipolar power transistor is a three layer npn or pnp device within the working range, the collector current ic is a function of the base current ib, a change in the base current giving a corresponding amplified change in the collector current for a given collector emitter voltage vce. May 28, 2014 how transistors work is probably the hardest concept for you to understand as a beginner. Digital applications transistors and transistor circuits. Nptel gate preparation using nptel content video lecture. Nptel provides elearning through online web and video courses various streams. Transistor switches are common in digital circuits, industrial control circuits, burglar alarms, computer circuits and much more. Which are the best nptel lectures regarding electronic.
Up next what is field effect transistor fet jfet mosfet applications of mosfet duration. A model is the best approximate of the actual behavior of a semiconductor device under. Mod01 assignment 6 transistors video lecture by prof s. Lecture 1 introduction to semiconductors and semiconductor. Downloads electronic systems, lecture 1, lecture notes, kb analog circuits about the course this course is an introduction to amplifiers using transistors students will be introduced to mos transistors, their. Introduction to nanoelectronics 9 x v u e in part 1, the quantum particle. Many of these, typically one or two per atom in the metal, are free to move about throughout the metal. Lecture 24 mosfet basics understanding with no math. Three common ways a transistor may be configured as an amplified include a commonemitter amplifier, commoncollector or this is often referred to as emitter follower amplifier, and a commonbase amplifier. Bjt should be in active or mos should in saturation at all times.
This is the final section of 101 and well be looking at amplifier configurations. Nptel video lectures, iit video lectures online, nptel youtube lectures, free video lectures, nptel online courses, youtube iit videos nptel courses. The answer is, you can ground any of the three parts. Natarajan sunupradana lecture 9 zener diode characteristics duration. Biasing the field effect transistor transductance curves. Find materials for this course in the pages linked along the left. If you are finding the complete basic transistor notes pdf then you are at right place. Alan doolittle lecture 24 mosfet basics understanding with no math reading. Chitralekha mahanta, department of electronics and communication engineering,iit guwahati. In this website, we already cover almost all topics related to transistor if like to read it then simply go to the transistor category section and read all articles related to the transistor. Develop an understanding of the pn junction diode and its behavior. For npn pnp collector must be more positive negative in voltage than emitter. Theory of transistors and other semiconductor devices 1. The ratio of these two currents is of the order of 15 to.
Hence comparing the schematic symbol to the pn junction in figure 4, we see the anode is the ptype semiconductor and the cathode is the ntype semiconductor. Vlsi technology online course video lectures by iit madras. It is a semiconductor device and it comes in two general types. Smith context in fridays lecture, we discussed bjts bipolar junction transistors today we will find large signal models for the bipolar junction transistor, and start exploring. Electronics nptel online videos, courses iit video lectures. Introduction to chemical bonding and development of band gap introduction and types of semiconductors.
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